Research unlocks the world of the child

Scientific research is convincing in its message that experiences from before birth to age three can shape a child’s lifelong physical, emotional and mental development.

  • Research confirms that a child’s experience up to the age of three years shapes its future out of all proportion to the rest of childhood.
  • A secure primary attachment is the main protective factor for the developing brain.
  • The first three years of life strongly determine the future wellbeing of a child, and their physical and mental health
  • Children’s wellbeing is economically and psychologically important to the wellbeing of the whole of society
  • Research makes the case why the emotional health of the under-threes should be at the heart of Government policy

This material appears in the form of summaries. Research published in peer-reviewed journals from the fields of neuroscience, psychology, biology, and the medical / health sciences is distilled into an accessible format.

This science affords vital insights into how early life experience impacts on the emotional development and wellbeing of young children and the potential impact on their future mental and physical health.

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  • Critical Health Implications of Early Experience (27)
  • The Infant Brain: Epigenetics (24)
  • Quality of Parent-Infant Interaction (20)
  • Care for Under Threes (18)
  • Infant Stress (16)
  • Attachment (13)
  • The Perinatal Period Pregnancy: Birth and Beyond (12)
  • General (9)

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The effects of live parental infant-directed singing on infants, parents, and the parent-infant dyad: A systematic review of the literature

Sharman, KM, Meissel, K, Tait, J.E, Rudd, G and Henderson A.M.E
Infant Behaviour and Development 72 (2023) 101859

Association of Prenatal Exposure to Early-Life Adversity with Neonatal Brain Volumes at Birth

Regina L. Triplett, Rachel E. Lean, Amisha Parikh, J. Philip Miller, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Sydney Kaplan, Dominique Meyer, Christopher Adamson, Tara A. Smyser, Cynthia E. Rogers, Deanna M. Barch, Barbara Warner, Joan L. Luby and Christopher D. Smyser. JAMA Network Open (2022), 5(4):e227045. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7045

Science versus society: is childcare for the under threes a taboo subject?

Pereira Gray D., Dean D., Dineen M. & Dean P.
Epigenomics (2020),10. 2217/epi-2020-0141 ISSN 1750-1911 Future medicine

Involvement of circulating factors in the transmission of paternal experiences through the germline

van Steenwyk, G., Gapp, K., Jawaid, A., Germain, P.L., Manuella, F., Tanwar, D.K., Zamboni, N., Gaur, N., Efimova, A., Thumfart, K.M., Miska, E.A. and Mansuy, I.M. (2020), EMBO J. 39(23), e104579. DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104579

Maternal caregiving and DNA methylation in human infants and children: Systematic review

Provenzi L, Brambilla M, di Minico G S, Montirosso R and Borgatti R
Genes, Brain and Behavior Volume19, Issue3, March 2020 19:e12616. DOI:10.1111/gbb.12616

Neglect, HPA Axis Reactivity, and Development. A review paper

Reilly E.B. & Gunnar M.R. (2019)
International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 78, (November), 100-108

Neurohormones and temperament interact during infant development

Jones, N.A. and Sloan, A. (2018)
Philos Trans R. Soc Lond B 373 (1744): 20170159

Speaker gaze increases information coupling between infant and adult brains

Leong, V., Byrne, E., Clackson, K., Georgieva, S., Lam, S., and Wass, S.
PNAS, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1702493114

Amygdala-Hippocampal Connectivity Changes During Acute Psychosocial Stress: Joint Effect of Early Life Stress and Oxytocin

Fan, Y., Petske, K., Feeser, M., Aust, S., Pruessner, J.C., Boker, H., Bajouj, M. And Grimm, S. Neuropsychopharmacology (2015), 40, 2736-2744.